Supply chain — assemblaggio cella Li-ion (NMC)

flowchart LR acrylonitrileAbsPipeline["acrilonitrile (SOHIO) + ABS"] activatedCarbonProductionPipeline["produzione carbone attivo (attivazione a vapore)"] aluminiumFoilRollingPipeline["laminazione foglio alluminio (grado batteria + packaging)"] amineGasTreatingPipeline["trattamento gas con ammina (MEA cattura H2S/CO2)"] ammoniaDilutionPipeline["diluizione soluzione acquosa di ammoniaca"] ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline["Ammonia Haber-Bosch + urea pipeline"] bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline["Filiera bauxite-alluminio"] bpaPipeline["bisfenolo A da fenolo + acetone"] btxReformingPipeline["BTX da reforming catalitico"] camNMC811Pipeline["materiale catodico CAM NMC811"] chlorAlkaliPipeline["cloro-soda (cella a membrana)"] co2ToMethanolPipeline["CO2-to-metanolo (idrogenazione catalitica Cu/ZnO/Al2O3)"] cobaltRefiningPipeline["raffinazione cobalto metallico"] cokeFromCoalPipeline["Filiera coke da carbone"] copperFoilProductionPipeline["elettrodeposizione foglio rame (grado batteria)"] copperPyrometallurgyPipeline["Filiera rame pirometallurgico"] copperSulfateProductionPipeline["produzione solfato di rame pentaidrato"] crudeOilDistillationPipeline["raffineria petrolio (CDU + VDU)"] epichlorohydrinPipeline["epicloridrina da bio-glicerolo (Epicerol)"] epoxyResinPipeline["resina epossidica DGEBA"] ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline["Ethylene steam cracking pipeline"] fccPipeline["cracking catalitico (FCC)"] ferrochromePipeline["ferrocromo da cromite"] ferromanganesePipeline["ferromanganese da pirolusite"] ferrosiliconPipeline["ferrosilicio da quarzo + rottame ferro"] goldCyanidationPipeline["oro da cianurazione + CIP"] greenHydrogenPEMPipeline["Filiera idrogeno verde PEM"] hydratedLimePipeline["Filiera calce idratata"] ironOreMiningPipeline["estrazione + beneficio minerale di ferro"] leadImperialSmeltingPipeline["Filiera piombo Imperial Smelting"] liIonCellAssemblyPipeline["★ assemblaggio cella Li-ion (NMC)"]:::root limestoneQuarryingPipeline["estrazione cava calcare"] lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline["carbonato di litio da spodumene"] lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline["LiOH·H2O da carbonato di litio"] magnesiumPidgeonPipeline["magnesio Pidgeon"] manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline["produzione solfato di manganese monoidrato (battery grade)"] melaminePipeline["melamina da urea (alta pressione)"] metallurgicalSiliconPipeline["Filiera silicio metallurgico"] methanolFromSyngasPipeline["Filiera metanolo da syngas"] methylamineSynthesisPipeline["sintesi metilammina (NH3 + MeOH catalitica)"] molybdenumProductionPipeline["produzione molibdeno metallico (arrostimento + riduzione H2)"] nickelLateriteHPALPipeline["HPAL laterite nichelifera (precipitato idrossido misto MHP)"] nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline["solfato di nichel battery-grade da MHP"] nickelSulfidePipeline["Filiera nichel da solfuri"] nmpSolventPipeline["sintesi N-metilpirrolidone (NMP)"] polystyrenePipeline["polistirene da stirene"] portlandCementPipeline["Filiera cemento Portland"] saltMiningPipeline["estrazione salgemma + evaporazione salamoia"] sodiumCyanidePipeline["cianuro di sodio da processo Andrussow"] solvaySodaAshPipeline["Filiera soda Solvay"] stainlessSteelPipeline["acciaio inossidabile (via AOD)"] steelBFBOFPipeline["Filiera acciaio (altoforno + BOF)"] steelDRIH2EAFPipeline["Filiera acciaio DRI-H2 + EAF"] sulfurClausPipeline["recupero zolfo Claus da H2S"] sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline["Filiera H2SO4 da zolfo elementale"] syntheticGraphitePipeline["grafite sintetica (processo Acheson)"] tinFromCassiteritePipeline["stagno da cassiterite (carbotermico)"] tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline["TiO2 pigmento via cloruri"] titaniumKrollPipeline["titanio processo Kroll"] zincHydrometallurgyPipeline["Filiera zinco idrometallurgico"] nmpSolventPipeline -->|N-metilpirrolidone (solve| liIonCellAssemblyPipeline aluminiumFoilRollingPipeline -->|foglio collettore Al| liIonCellAssemblyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|foglio collettore Cu| liIonCellAssemblyPipeline camNMC811Pipeline -->|materiale catodico CAM NM| liIonCellAssemblyPipeline syntheticGraphitePipeline -->|grafite sintetica (anodo | liIonCellAssemblyPipeline methylamineSynthesisPipeline -->|metilammina| nmpSolventPipeline bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline -->|aluminium| aluminiumFoilRollingPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperFoilProductionPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperFoilProductionPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|copper| copperFoilProductionPipeline lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline -->|litio idrossido monoidrat| camNMC811Pipeline ammoniaDilutionPipeline -->|soluzione di ammoniaca ac| camNMC811Pipeline nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline -->|solfato di cobalto eptaid| camNMC811Pipeline cobaltRefiningPipeline -->|solfato di nichel esaidra| camNMC811Pipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| camNMC811Pipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| camNMC811Pipeline manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline -->|solfato di manganese mono| camNMC811Pipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|coke di petrolio (green c| syntheticGraphitePipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| methylamineSynthesisPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| methylamineSynthesisPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| methylamineSynthesisPipeline co2ToMethanolPipeline -->|CH3OH| methylamineSynthesisPipeline methanolFromSyngasPipeline -->|CH3OH| methylamineSynthesisPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|zinco| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline molybdenumProductionPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline sulfurClausPipeline -->|zolfo| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline copperSulfateProductionPipeline -->|solfato di rame| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|hydrated lime| lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|hydrated lime| lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline -->|carbonato di litio (batte| lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaDilutionPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaDilutionPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaDilutionPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline nickelLateriteHPALPipeline -->|precipitato idrossido mis| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| cobaltRefiningPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| cobaltRefiningPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| cobaltRefiningPipeline nickelLateriteHPALPipeline -->|precipitato idrossido mis| cobaltRefiningPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline epoxyResinPipeline -->|sodium chloride| chlorAlkaliPipeline saltMiningPipeline -->|sodium chloride| chlorAlkaliPipeline sodiumCyanidePipeline -->|cianuro di sodio| goldCyanidationPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|minerale aurifero ROM (pr| goldCyanidationPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|anode slime| goldCyanidationPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbone attivo| goldCyanidationPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline molybdenumProductionPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|olio di pirolisi| crudeOilDistillationPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|urea| melaminePipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|CH4| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline metallurgicalSiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline tinFromCassiteritePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferromanganesePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| solvaySodaAshPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| solvaySodaAshPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|hydrated lime| solvaySodaAshPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| solvaySodaAshPipeline saltMiningPipeline -->|salamoia| solvaySodaAshPipeline epoxyResinPipeline -->|sodium chloride| solvaySodaAshPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|idrogeno verde| co2ToMethanolPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline metallurgicalSiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline tinFromCassiteritePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline ferromanganesePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|hydrogen| methanolFromSyngasPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| methanolFromSyngasPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|hydrogen| methanolFromSyngasPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|hydrogen| methanolFromSyngasPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| methanolFromSyngasPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| steelBFBOFPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| steelBFBOFPipeline steelDRIH2EAFPipeline -->|acciaio| steelBFBOFPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|lime| steelBFBOFPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|lime| steelBFBOFPipeline portlandCementPipeline -->|lime| steelBFBOFPipeline ironOreMiningPipeline -->|pellet| steelBFBOFPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| steelBFBOFPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline metallurgicalSiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline tinFromCassiteritePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline ferromanganesePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke oven gas COG| cokeFromCoalPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|gas di altoforno| cokeFromCoalPipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|gasolio sotto vuoto (VGO)| fccPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|ossido di zinco| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|minerale di molibdenite (| molybdenumProductionPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline amineGasTreatingPipeline -->|acido solfidrico (gas aci| sulfurClausPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperSulfateProductionPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperSulfateProductionPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperSulfateProductionPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|copper| copperSulfateProductionPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| hydratedLimePipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|lime| hydratedLimePipeline portlandCementPipeline -->|lime| hydratedLimePipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|sodium carbonate| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|sodium carbonate| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline magnesiumPidgeonPipeline -->|ossido di magnesio| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| epoxyResinPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| epoxyResinPipeline epichlorohydrinPipeline -->|epicloridrina| epoxyResinPipeline bpaPipeline -->|bisfenolo A (BPA)| epoxyResinPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| sodiumCyanidePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| sodiumCyanidePipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| sodiumCyanidePipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| sodiumCyanidePipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| sodiumCyanidePipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|CH4| sodiumCyanidePipeline acrylonitrileAbsPipeline -->|acido cianidrico| sodiumCyanidePipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|nafta| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline fccPipeline -->|GPL FCC| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline classDef root fill:#ffd966,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;