Supply chain — Filiera acido nitrico Ostwald

flowchart LR acrylonitrileAbsPipeline["acrilonitrile (SOHIO) + ABS"] activatedCarbonProductionPipeline["produzione carbone attivo (attivazione a vapore)"] airSeparationUnitPipeline["Filiera ASU separazione aria"] ammoniaDilutionPipeline["diluizione soluzione acquosa di ammoniaca"] ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline["Ammonia Haber-Bosch + urea pipeline"] ammoniumNitratePipeline["Filiera ammonio nitrato"] bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline["Filiera bauxite-alluminio"] bpaPipeline["bisfenolo A da fenolo + acetone"] brineRecirculationPipeline["risaturazione salamoia depleta (loop chlor-alkali)"] btxReformingPipeline["BTX da reforming catalitico"] btxSeparationPipeline["distillazione estrattiva BTX (benzene + toluene + xilene)"] butadieneExtractionPipeline["butadiene da C4 cut (distillazione estrattiva)"] caprolactamNylon6Pipeline["caprolattame a Nylon 6"] chlorAlkaliPipeline["cloro-soda (cella a membrana)"] citricAcidPipeline["acido citrico da fermentazione Aspergillus niger"] cokeFromCoalPipeline["Filiera coke da carbone"] copperFoilProductionPipeline["elettrodeposizione foglio rame (grado batteria)"] copperPyrometallurgyPipeline["Filiera rame pirometallurgico"] crudeOilDistillationPipeline["raffineria petrolio (CDU + VDU)"] cyclohexanePipeline["cicloesano da idrogenazione benzene"] dapMAPFertilizerPipeline["Filiera fosfati DAP/MAP"] diphenylCarbonatePipeline["DPC via carbonilazione ossidativa"] dmeFuelPipeline["DME fuel blend LPG (compressione + blending)"] eoEGPipeline["Filiera ossido di etilene + glicole etilenico"] epichlorohydrinPipeline["epicloridrina da bio-glicerolo (Epicerol)"] epoxyResinPipeline["resina epossidica DGEBA"] ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline["Ethylene steam cracking pipeline"] fameBiodieselPipeline["biodiesel FAME (transesterificazione con KOH)"] fccPipeline["cracking catalitico (FCC)"] ferrochromePipeline["ferrocromo da cromite"] ferromanganesePipeline["ferromanganese da pirolusite"] ferrosiliconPipeline["ferrosilicio da quarzo + rottame ferro"] formaldehydePipeline["formaldeide da metanolo (Formox)"] goldCyanidationPipeline["oro da cianurazione + CIP"] greenHydrogenPEMPipeline["Filiera idrogeno verde PEM"] hvoBiodieselPipeline["biodiesel HVO (drop-in)"] hydratedLimePipeline["Filiera calce idratata"] hydrogenPeroxidePipeline["H2O2 processo anthraquinone (AO)"] hydroxylamineSulfatePipeline["solfato di idrossilammina (processo DSM HPO)"] industrialHclPipeline["Filiera HCl industriale"] ironOreMiningPipeline["estrazione + beneficio minerale di ferro"] lacticAcidPipeline["acido L-lattico da fermentazione glucosio"] leadImperialSmeltingPipeline["Filiera piombo Imperial Smelting"] limestoneQuarryingPipeline["estrazione cava calcare"] lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline["LiOH·H2O da carbonato di litio"] magnesiumPidgeonPipeline["magnesio Pidgeon"] melaminePipeline["melamina da urea (alta pressione)"] metallurgicalSiliconPipeline["Filiera silicio metallurgico"] methanolFromSyngasPipeline["Filiera metanolo da syngas"] methylamineSynthesisPipeline["sintesi metilammina (NH3 + MeOH catalitica)"] molybdenumProductionPipeline["produzione molibdeno metallico (arrostimento + riduzione H2)"] monoethanolamineSynthesisPipeline["sintesi monoetanolammina (NH3 + EO)"] mtbePipeline["MTBE da isobutene + metanolo"] n2oAbatementPipeline["abbattimento catalitico N2O (decomposizione Pt/Rh)"] nickelSulfidePipeline["Filiera nichel da solfuri"] nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline["★ Filiera acido nitrico Ostwald"]:::root phenolHockPipeline["fenolo via processo Hock"] phosgenePipeline["fosgene da CO + Cl2 (su C attivato)"] phosphoricAcidWetProcessPipeline["Filiera acido fosforico wet"] polycarbonatePipeline["policarbonato da BPA (rotta melt)"] polystyrenePipeline["polistirene da stirene"] polyurethanePipeline["poliuretano via MDI"] portlandCementPipeline["Filiera cemento Portland"] ptaPipeline["acido tereftalico purificato da p-xilene"] pvcPolymerPipeline["Filiera PVC"] saltMiningPipeline["estrazione salgemma + evaporazione salamoia"] sodiumCyanidePipeline["cianuro di sodio da processo Andrussow"] solvaySodaAshPipeline["Filiera soda Solvay"] stainlessSteelPipeline["acciaio inossidabile (via AOD)"] steelBFBOFPipeline["Filiera acciaio (altoforno + BOF)"] steelDRIH2EAFPipeline["Filiera acciaio DRI-H2 + EAF"] steelRollingPipeline["laminazione acciaio a caldo + freddo"] sulfurClausPipeline["recupero zolfo Claus da H2S"] sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline["Filiera H2SO4 da zolfo elementale"] tinFromCassiteritePipeline["stagno da cassiterite (carbotermico)"] tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline["TiO2 pigmento via cloruri"] titaniumKrollPipeline["titanio processo Kroll"] zincHydrometallurgyPipeline["Filiera zinco idrometallurgico"] melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline airSeparationUnitPipeline -->|aria compressa| nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|urea| melaminePipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|CH4| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline metallurgicalSiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline tinFromCassiteritePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferromanganesePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| solvaySodaAshPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| solvaySodaAshPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|hydrated lime| solvaySodaAshPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| solvaySodaAshPipeline saltMiningPipeline -->|salamoia| solvaySodaAshPipeline epoxyResinPipeline -->|sodium chloride| solvaySodaAshPipeline nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline -->|aria compressa| airSeparationUnitPipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|nafta| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline fccPipeline -->|GPL FCC| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|chlorine| tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|TiCl4 grezzo (pre-distill| tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| ferrosiliconPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| ferrosiliconPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| ferrosiliconPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| ferrochromePipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| ferrochromePipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| ferrochromePipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|ferrocromo HC| stainlessSteelPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|lime| stainlessSteelPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|lime| stainlessSteelPipeline portlandCementPipeline -->|lime| stainlessSteelPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|Ni| stainlessSteelPipeline ferromanganesePipeline -->|ferromanganese HC| stainlessSteelPipeline airSeparationUnitPipeline -->|argon| stainlessSteelPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| metallurgicalSiliconPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| metallurgicalSiliconPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| metallurgicalSiliconPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|quarzo| metallurgicalSiliconPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| tinFromCassiteritePipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| tinFromCassiteritePipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| tinFromCassiteritePipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|ossido di zinco| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| titaniumKrollPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| titaniumKrollPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| titaniumKrollPipeline tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline -->|tetracloruro di titanio| titaniumKrollPipeline magnesiumPidgeonPipeline -->|magnesio metallico| titaniumKrollPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|chlorine| titaniumKrollPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| ferromanganesePipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| ferromanganesePipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| ferromanganesePipeline btxSeparationPipeline -->|toluene| btxReformingPipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|nafta| btxReformingPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|benzolo| btxReformingPipeline eoEGPipeline -->|di-glicole etilenico| btxReformingPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| btxReformingPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|hydrogen| btxReformingPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| btxReformingPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|hydrogen| btxReformingPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|hydrogen| btxReformingPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| btxReformingPipeline btxSeparationPipeline -->|benzene| polystyrenePipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|benzene| polystyrenePipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|C2H4| polystyrenePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| greenHydrogenPEMPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|hydrogen| greenHydrogenPEMPipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|hydrogen| greenHydrogenPEMPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| greenHydrogenPEMPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|hydrogen| greenHydrogenPEMPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| greenHydrogenPEMPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline epoxyResinPipeline -->|sodium chloride| chlorAlkaliPipeline saltMiningPipeline -->|sodium chloride| chlorAlkaliPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| hydratedLimePipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|lime| hydratedLimePipeline portlandCementPipeline -->|lime| hydratedLimePipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| epoxyResinPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| epoxyResinPipeline epichlorohydrinPipeline -->|epicloridrina| epoxyResinPipeline bpaPipeline -->|bisfenolo A (BPA)| epoxyResinPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|olio di pirolisi| crudeOilDistillationPipeline sodiumCyanidePipeline -->|cianuro di sodio| goldCyanidationPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|minerale aurifero ROM (pr| goldCyanidationPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|anode slime| goldCyanidationPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbone attivo| goldCyanidationPipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|gasolio sotto vuoto (VGO)| fccPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| steelBFBOFPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| steelBFBOFPipeline steelDRIH2EAFPipeline -->|acciaio| steelBFBOFPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|lime| steelBFBOFPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|lime| steelBFBOFPipeline portlandCementPipeline -->|lime| steelBFBOFPipeline ironOreMiningPipeline -->|pellet| steelBFBOFPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| steelBFBOFPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline metallurgicalSiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline tinFromCassiteritePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline ferromanganesePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| steelBFBOFPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke oven gas COG| cokeFromCoalPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|gas di altoforno| cokeFromCoalPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|scoria ISP| portlandCementPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|scoria di fusione| portlandCementPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|scoria di fusione| portlandCementPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|GGBFS| portlandCementPipeline steelDRIH2EAFPipeline -->|scoria EAF| portlandCementPipeline ironOreMiningPipeline -->|hematite| portlandCementPipeline magnesiumPidgeonPipeline -->|silicato bicalcico| portlandCementPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|lime| portlandCementPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|lime| portlandCementPipeline metallurgicalSiliconPipeline -->|fumi di silice| portlandCementPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| portlandCementPipeline lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline -->|carbonato di calcio (bypr| portlandCementPipeline lacticAcidPipeline -->|CaSO4·2H2O| portlandCementPipeline phosphoricAcidWetProcessPipeline -->|CaSO4·2H2O| portlandCementPipeline citricAcidPipeline -->|CaSO4·2H2O| portlandCementPipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|scoria ferrocromo| portlandCementPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|zinco| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|ferrosilicio FeSi75| magnesiumPidgeonPipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|cloruro di magnesio| magnesiumPidgeonPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|dolomite| magnesiumPidgeonPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|BTX| btxSeparationPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|C2H4| eoEGPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperFoilProductionPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperFoilProductionPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|copper| copperFoilProductionPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline molybdenumProductionPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline sulfurClausPipeline -->|zolfo| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline fameBiodieselPipeline -->|glicerolo (bio, da biodie| epichlorohydrinPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|hydrated lime| epichlorohydrinPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|hydrated lime| epichlorohydrinPipeline industrialHclPipeline -->|hydrochloric acid| epichlorohydrinPipeline pvcPolymerPipeline -->|hydrochloric acid| epichlorohydrinPipeline polyurethanePipeline -->|hydrochloric acid| epichlorohydrinPipeline phenolHockPipeline -->|acetone| bpaPipeline polycarbonatePipeline -->|phenol| bpaPipeline nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline -->|nitric acid| polyurethanePipeline nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline -->|nitric acid| ammoniumNitratePipeline nitricAcidOstwaldPipeline -->|N2O| n2oAbatementPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| diphenylCarbonatePipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| methanolFromSyngasPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| phosgenePipeline epoxyResinPipeline -->|sodium chloride| brineRecirculationPipeline diphenylCarbonatePipeline -->|carbonato di difenile (DP| polycarbonatePipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| bauxiteToAluminiumPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|acciaio| steelDRIH2EAFPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|bloom| steelRollingPipeline methanolFromSyngasPipeline -->|dimetil etere| dmeFuelPipeline methanolFromSyngasPipeline -->|CH3OH| methylamineSynthesisPipeline methanolFromSyngasPipeline -->|CH3OH| formaldehydePipeline methanolFromSyngasPipeline -->|CH3OH| mtbePipeline methanolFromSyngasPipeline -->|CH3OH| fameBiodieselPipeline phosgenePipeline -->|fosgene| polyurethanePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|syngas| methanolFromSyngasPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| hydroxylamineSulfatePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| dapMAPFertilizerPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| monoethanolamineSynthesisPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaDilutionPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniumNitratePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| caprolactamNylon6Pipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| methylamineSynthesisPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| sodiumCyanidePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| diphenylCarbonatePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| phosgenePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| cyclohexanePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| polyurethanePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| hydrogenPeroxidePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| steelDRIH2EAFPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| industrialHclPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| butadieneExtractionPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| ptaPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| hvoBiodieselPipeline classDef root fill:#ffd966,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;